What factors are typically considered when calculating life-cycle costs?

When calculating life-cycle costs, the most comprehensive approach considers acquisition, installation, operation, maintenance, and disposal costs. This method allows for a holistic view of all associated expenses of a product or system over its entire lifespan.

Acquisition costs include the purchase price and any costs associated with procuring the item. Installation costs cover the expenses associated with properly setting up the product for use. Operation costs pertain to the day-to-day expenses incurred while utilizing the product, such as energy consumption or personnel salaries. Maintenance costs refer to the ongoing expenses required to keep the product functioning effectively, including repairs and routine servicing. Finally, disposal costs account for the eventual removal, recycling, or landfill fees associated with the product at the end of its useful life.

This broad scope ensures that stakeholders can make informed decisions based on the total cost implications, rather than focusing solely on initial purchase prices or narrow subsets of costs. Such a comprehensive analysis aligns closely with LEED principles aimed at promoting sustainability and cost-effectiveness throughout a building's operational lifespan.